Totarol: Difference between revisions – Wikipedia
=== Mechanism of antimicrobial inhibition ===
=== Mechanism of antimicrobial inhibition ===
Although totarol exhibits antimicrobial properties, the mode of action is unclear and various methods of inhibitory action have been proposed. In ”Staphylococcus aureus” strains resistant to [[penicillin]] via creation of [[Penicillin binding proteins|penicillin binding protein]] 2’ (PBP2’), totarol may inhibit the synthesis of PBP2’. Totarol may inhibit effluxing ”Staphylococcus aureus” strains through inhibition of MsrA, although it is unclear if MsrA is an efflux pump. Totarol may also gain its antibacterial properties by inhibiting bacterial respiratory transportHaraguchi, H.; Ishikawa, H.; Sakai, S.; Ying, B. P.; Kubo, I. ”Experientia”. ”’1996”’, ”52”, 573-576. but this is very unlikely because totarol is also effective against [[anaerobic organism]]s.Shapiro, S.; Guggenheim, B. ”Quant. Struct.-Act. Relat.” ”’1998”’, ”17”, 327-337. Recently totarol was also hypothesized to inhibit gram-positive and acid-fast bacteria via inhibition of FtsZ protein, which forms the Z-ring, a polymer necessary for efficient bacterial cell [[cytokinesis]].Jaiswal, R.; Beuria, T. K.; Mohan, R.; Mahajan, S. K.; Panda, D. ”Biochemistry”. ”’2007”’, ”46”, 4211-4220.
Although totarol exhibits antimicrobial properties, the mode of action is unclear and various methods of inhibitory action have been proposed. In ”Staphylococcus aureus” strains resistant to [[penicillin]] via creation of [[Penicillin binding proteins|penicillin binding protein]] 2’ (PBP2’), totarol may inhibit the synthesis of PBP2’. Totarol may inhibit effluxing ”Staphylococcus aureus” strains through inhibition of MsrA, although it is unclear if MsrA is an efflux pump. Totarol may also gain its antibacterial properties by inhibiting bacterial respiratory transportHaraguchi H Ishikawa H Sakai S Ying, Kubo I Experientia 52 . but this is very unlikely because totarol is also effective against [[anaerobic organism]]s.Shapiro S Guggenheim B . . . 1998 17 327-337. Recently totarol was also hypothesized to inhibit gram-positive and acid-fast bacteria via inhibition of FtsZ protein, which forms the Z-ring, a polymer necessary for efficient bacterial cell [[cytokinesis]].Jaiswal R Beuria, Mohan R Mahajan, Panda D Biochemistry 46 .
Totarol may also function by disrupting the structural integrity of the [[Lipid bilayer|phospholipid bilayer]] of bacteria by weakening Van der Waals interactions with its phenolic group,Micol, V.; Mateo, C. R.; Shapiro, S.; Aranda, F. J.; Villalain, ”J. Biochim. Biophys. Acta–Biomembranes”. ”’2001”’, ”1511”, 281-290.Mateo, C. R.; Prieto, M.; Micol, V.; Shapiro, S.; Villalain, ”J. Biochim. Biophys. Acta–Biomembranes”. ”’2000”’, ”1509”, 167–175.Bernabeu, A.; Shapiro, S.; Villalain, ”J. Chem. Phys. Lipids”. ”’2002”’, ”119”, 33–39. which also results in bacterial cells unable to synthesize ATP.Evans, G. B.; Furneaux, R. H.; Gainsford, G. J.; Murphy, M. P. ”Bioinorganic & Medicinal Chemistry”. ”’2000”’, ”8”, 1663-1675. Motivation for totarol functioning via disruption of membrane structure is due to its high phospholipid/water partition coefficient. However, totarol’s partitioning capability was only observed at concentrations 10 to 100 fold higher than required for antibacterial activity. Thus it is unlikely that totarol is an uncoupler of bacterial respiration at the low levels observed in antimicrobial studies.
Totarol may also function by disrupting the structural integrity of the [[Lipid bilayer|phospholipid bilayer]] of bacteria by weakening Van der Waals interactions with its phenolic group,Micol V Mateo, Shapiro S Aranda, J – , 1511 . , M Micol V Shapiro S, J – , 1509 -.Bernabeu A Shapiro S, J , , -. which also results in bacterial cells unable to synthesize ATP. , Gainsford, . & Medicinal Chemistry 8 . Motivation for totarol functioning via disruption of membrane structure is due to its high phospholipid/water partition coefficient. However, totarol’s partitioning capability was only observed at concentrations 10 to 100 fold higher than required for antibacterial activity. Thus it is unlikely that totarol is an uncoupler of bacterial respiration at the low levels observed in antimicrobial studies.
=== Traditional medicine ===
=== Traditional medicine ===
|
|
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
14-(Propan-2-yl)podocarpa-8,11,13-trien-13-ol |
|
| Systematic IUPAC name
(4bS,8aS)-4b,8,8-Trimethyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-octahydrophenanthren-2-ol |
|
| Other names
(4bS)-trans-8,8-Trimethyl-4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-octahydro-1-isopropylphenanthren-2-ol |
|
| Identifiers | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.151.658 |
| EC Number | |
| UNII | |
This website uses cookies to improve your experience. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. Accept Read More Get more stuff like this
| |
