Education in Italy: Difference between revisions
The influence of Gentile’s [[Italian idealism]] was great,Moss, M. E. (2004). ”Mussolini’s fascist philosopher: Giovanni Gentile reconsidered”. New York: P. Lang.pp 26–73. and he considered the Catholic religion to be the “foundation and crowning” of education.
The influence of Gentile’s [[Italian idealism]] was great,Moss, M. E. (2004). ”Mussolini’s fascist philosopher: Giovanni Gentile reconsidered”. New York: P. Lang.pp 26–73. and he considered the Catholic religion to be the “foundation and crowning” of education.
In 1962 the ‘avviamento al lavoro’ was abolished, and all children up to 14 years had to follow a single program, encompassing primary education (”scuola elementare”) and middle school (”scuola media”).
In 1962 the ‘avviamento al lavoro’ was abolished, and all children up to 14 years had to follow a single program, encompassing primary education (”scuola elementare”) and middle school (”scuola media”).
[[File:Regio Liceo Ginnasio Manzoni Milano anni 20.jpg|thumb|A high school in [[Milan]] in the 1920s, the liceo classico Alessandro Manzoni]]
From 1962 to the present day, the main structure of Italian primary (and secondary) education remained largely unchanged, even if some modifications were made: a narrowing of the gap between males and females (through the merging of the two distinct programmes for ”technical education”, and the optional introduction of mixed-gender gym classes), a change in the structure of secondary school (”legge Berlinguer”) and the creation of new ”licei”, ‘istituti tecnici’ and ‘istituti professionali’, offering students a broader range of options.
From 1962 to the present day, the main structure of Italian primary (and secondary) education remained largely unchanged, even if some modifications were made: a narrowing of the gap between males and females (through the merging of the two distinct programmes for ”technical education”, and the optional introduction of mixed-gender gym classes), a change in the structure of secondary school (”legge Berlinguer”) and the creation of new ”licei”, ‘istituti tecnici’ and ‘istituti professionali’, offering students a broader range of options.
Overview of education in Italy
 |
|
| Minister of Education and Merit | Giuseppe Valditara |
|---|---|
| Budget | €65 billion |
| Primary languages | Italian |
| System type | public |
| Compulsory primary education | 1859 |
| Total | 99.2%[1] |
| Post secondary | 386,000 |
Education in Italy is compulsory from 6 to 16 years of age,[2] and is divided into five stages: kindergarten (scuola dell’infanzia), primary school (scuola primaria or scuola elementare), lower secondary school (scuola secondaria di primo grado or scuola media inferiore), upper secondary school (scuola secondaria di secondo grado or scuola media superiore) and university (università).[3] Education is free in Italy and free education is available to children of all nationalities who are residents in Italy. Italy has both a private and public education system.[4]
In 2018, the Italian secondary education was evaluated as below the OECD average.[5] Italy scored below the OECD average in reading and science, and near OECD average in mathematics. Mean performance in Italy declined in reading and science, and remained stable in mathematics.[5] Trento and Bolzano scored at an above the national average in reading.[5] Compared to school children in other OECD countries, children in Italy missed out on a greater amount of learning due to absences and indiscipline in classrooms.[6] A wide gap exists between northern schools, which perform near average, and schools in the South, that had much poorer results.[7] The 2018 Progress in International Reading Literacy Study ranks children in Italy 16th for reading. Compared to school children in other OECD countries, children in Italy missed out on a greater amount of learning due to absences and indiscipline in classrooms.[8]
Tertiary education in Italy is divided between public universities, private universities and the prestigious and selective superior graduate schools, such as the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. 33 Italian universities were ranked among the world’s top 500 in 2019, the third-largest number in Europe after the United Kingdom and Germany.[9] Bologna University, founded in 1088, is the oldest university in continuous operation,[10] as well as one of the leading academic institutions in Italy and Europe.[11] The Bocconi University, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, LUISS, Polytechnic University of Turin, Polytechnic University of Milan, Sapienza University of Rome, and University of Milan are also ranked among the best in the world.[12]
History[edit]
In Italy a state school system or…