Mexican Border War (1910–1919): Difference between revisions

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| place = [[Mexican–American border]] states

| place = [[Mexican–American border]] states

| coordinates =

| coordinates =

| result = American victoryParra, “Valientes Nogalenses,” 16-17.

| result = victoryParra, “Valientes Nogalenses,” 16-17.

* Seditionist insurgency suppressed

* Seditionist insurgency suppressed

* Permanent border wall established along the border of Nogales, Sonora, and Nogales, Arizona, after the American victory in the [[Battle of Ambos Nogales]]Parra, “Valientes Nogalenses,” 23–24.

* Permanent border wall established along the border of Nogales, Sonora, and Nogales, Arizona, after the victory in the [[Battle of Ambos Nogales]]Parra, “Valientes Nogalenses,” 23–24.

* Pancho Villa’s troops defeated, consequently no longer an effective fighting force{{Cite web|url=https://www.cabq.gov/|title=City of Albuquerque|website=City of Albuquerque}}

* Pancho Villa’s troops , consequently no longer an effective fighting force{{Cite web|url=https://www.cabq.gov/|title=City of Albuquerque|website=City of Albuquerque}}

| combatant1 = {{flagdeco|Mexico|1916}} [[Porfiriato|Mex]][[History of Mexico#Revolution of 1910–1920|ico]]

| combatant1 = {{flagdeco|Mexico|1916}} [[Porfiriato|Mex]][[History of Mexico#Revolution of 1910–1920|ico]]

* ”[[Villistas]]”

* ”[[Villistas]]”

Mexican-American military engagements

The Mexican Border War,^[13] or the Border Campaign,^[14] refers to the military engagements which took place in the Mexican–American border region of North America during the Mexican Revolution. The period of the war encompassed World War I, and the German Empire attempted to have Mexico attack the United States, as well as engaging in hostilities against American forces there itself.

The Mexican Border War was the fifth and last major conflict fought on American soil, its predecessors being the American Revolutionary War, War of 1812, Mexican–American War (1846–1848), and the American Civil War. The end of the Mexican Revolution on December 1, 1920, marked the close of the American Frontier, although the American Indian Wars went on for another four years. The Bandit War^[15] in Texas was part of the Border War.

From the beginning of the Mexican Revolution in 1910, the United States Army was stationed in force along the border and, on several occasions, fought with Mexican rebels or regular federal troops. The height of the conflict came in 1916 when revolutionary Pancho Villa attacked the American border town of Columbus, New Mexico. In response, the United States Army, under the direction of General John J. Pershing, launched a “Punitive expedition” into northern Mexico, to find and capture Villa. Although Villa was not captured, the US Army found and engaged the Villista rebels, killing Villa’s two top lieutenants. The revolutionary himself escaped and the American army returned to the United States in January 1917.

Conflict at the border continued, however, and the United States launched several smaller operations into Mexican territory until after the American victory in the Battle of Ambos Nogales in August 1918, which led to the establishment of a permanent border wall.^[16] Conflict was not limited to battles between Villistas and Americans; Maderistas, Carrancistas, Constitutionalistas and Germans also engaged with American forces in that period. Another aspect of the Border Wars was the desire of the United States to control the flow of immigrants into the U.S. to help counter rebel raids in U.S. territory. In 1914, the United States occupied Veracruz, aiming to cut off supplies of ammunition from the German Empire to Mexico at the start of World War I.

Timeline

1910

• Revolutionary activity breaks out in Mexico.
• United States Army deploys to several more border towns to protect American lives and property and to ensure that fighting between rebel and federal forces remains…