Keith Holyoake: Difference between revisions
[[File:Keith Holyoake 1971 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Holyoake in 1971]]
[[File:Keith Holyoake 1971 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Holyoake in 1971]]
The National government was humiliated in early 1970 in [[1970 Marlborough by-election|a disastrous by-election]]. Having already received the customary [[Companion of Honour]], Holyoake was knighted as a [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]] in the [[1970 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)|1970 Queen’s Birthday Honours]].{{London Gazette |issue=45119 |date=5 June 1970 |page=6405 |supp=3}} Political commentators speculated about when Holyoake would retire, and by the early 1970s his closest allies, including Jack Marshall, were privately encouraging him to step down. The government was perceived as careworn—two of its strongest ministers had died, and the party caucus was increasingly divided. After more than a decade in power, Holyoake’s dogged conservatism appeared out of touch with an increasingly [[social liberalism|liberal]] society.{{sfn|Gustafson|2007}} However, it was not until 1972 that he resigned to ease the succession for Marshall. By then he had become the senior statesman of the Commonwealth. Holyoake remained in Cabinet as [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (New Zealand)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] until National lost office at the end of the year.
The National government was humiliated in early 1970 in [[1970 Marlborough by-election|a disastrous by-election]]. Having already received the customary [[ of Honour]], Holyoake was knighted as a [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]] in the [[1970 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)|1970 Queen’s Birthday Honours]].{{London Gazette |issue=45119 |date=5 June 1970 |page=6405 |supp=3}} Political commentators speculated about when Holyoake would retire, and by the early 1970s his closest allies, including Jack Marshall, were privately encouraging him to step down. The government was perceived as careworn—two of its strongest ministers had died, and the party caucus was increasingly divided. After more than a decade in power, Holyoake’s dogged conservatism appeared out of touch with an increasingly [[social liberalism|liberal]] society.{{sfn|Gustafson|2007}} However, it was not until 1972 that he resigned to ease the succession for Marshall. By then he had become the senior statesman of the Commonwealth. Holyoake remained in Cabinet as [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (New Zealand)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] until National lost office at the end of the year.
==Retirement==
==Retirement==
* [[Doctor of Laws]], [[Honoris Causa]], [[Victoria University of Wellington]], New Zealand
* [[Doctor of Laws]], [[Honoris Causa]], [[Victoria University of Wellington]], New Zealand
* [[Doctor of Laws]] ([[Agriculture|Agric]]), [[Honoris Causa]], [[Seoul National University]], South Korea
* [[Doctor of Laws]] ([[Agriculture|Agric]]), [[Honoris Causa]], [[Seoul National University]], South Korea
* [[Order of the Companions of Honour|Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour]] (CH), [[1963 New Year Honours|1963 New Years Honours List]]
* [[Order of the Companions of Honour|Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour]] (CH), [[1963 New Year Honours|1963 New Honours List]]
* [[Venerable Order of Saint John|Knight of the Most Venerable Order of St John of Jerusalem]] (KStJ)
* [[Venerable Order of Saint John|Knight of the Most Venerable Order of St John of Jerusalem]] (KStJ)
* [[Order of St Michael and St George|Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]] (GCMG), 1970
* [[Order of St Michael and St George|Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]] (GCMG), 1970
New Zealand politician (1904–1983)
Sir Keith Jacka Holyoake, KG, GCMG, CH, QSO, PC (; 11 February 1904 – 8 December 1983) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 26th prime minister of New Zealand, serving for a brief period in 1957 and then from 1960 to 1972, and also as the 13th governor-general of New Zealand, serving from 1977 to 1980. He is the only New Zealand politician to have held both positions.[a]
Holyoake was born near Pahiatua in the Wairarapa. He left formal education at the age of 12 to help on the family farm. Before entering politics, he was active in various local farming associations. He was first elected to Parliament in 1932 for the Motueka electorate, representing the conservative Reform Party. Having played an instrumental role in the formation of the National Party in 1936, he lost his seat two years later. However, he was then earmarked for the safe seat of Pahiatua, which he held from 1943.
Following National’s first election victory, Holyoake entered Cabinet in 1949. In 1954, he was appointed the first deputy…
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