Costobarus: Difference between revisions – Wikipedia
==The Costobarian Herods==
==The Costobarian Herods==
Costobarus and Salome (the elder) had two children: Bernice and Antipater. Salome had another anonymous daughter: but whether her father was Joseph (first husband) or Costobarus is not mentioned in Josephus. By her marriage to Aristobulus ben Herod, Bernice united the Costobarian and Hasmonean scions of the Herodians. The descendants of the two principals included two kings of Judæa – Herod Agrippa (Agrippa I), and his son Agrippa II, the Tetrarch, Herod of Chalcis, Herodias and Salome (the younger) of the New Testament, a line of treasurers of the Temple, and the brothers Costobar and Saul. The younger Salome was the matriarch of the Christian [[Aristobulus of Britannia]]. The family tree [initiating marriage] Josephus “Antiquities” xv:255 ; “War” i: 486</ref[children] Josephus “War” i: 552-553 , 566 ; “Antiquities” xvi: 11, 197 ; xvii: 22, xviii: 130, 133[grandchildren] Josephus “Antiquities” xvii:12 ; xviii:132-138 ; “War” i:552 of these individuals is shown below.
Costobarus and Salome (the elder) had two children: Bernice and Antipater. Salome had another anonymous daughter: but whether her father was Joseph (first husband) or Costobarus is not mentioned in Josephus. By her marriage to Aristobulus ben Herod, Bernice united the Costobarian and Hasmonean scions of the Herodians. The descendants of the two principals included two kings of Judæa – Herod Agrippa (Agrippa I), and his son Agrippa II, the Tetrarch, Herod of Chalcis, Herodias and Salome (the younger) of the New Testament, a line of treasurers of the Temple, and the brothers Costobar and Saul. The younger Salome was the matriarch of the Christian [[Aristobulus of Britannia]]
10.1353/art.2006.0091
The family tree [initiating marriage] Josephus “Antiquities” xv:255 ; “War” i: 486[children] Josephus “War” i: 552-553 , 566 ; “Antiquities” xvi: 11, 197 ; xvii: 22, xviii: 130, 133[grandchildren] Josephus “Antiquities” xvii:12 ; xviii:132-138 ; “War” i:552 of these individuals is shown below.
[[File:Costobarian Herods.png|thumb|2000px|center|Costobarus, scion of the Herodians.]]
[[File:Costobarian Herods.png|thumb|2000px|center|Costobarus, scion of the Herodians.]]
Costobarus (Greek: Κοστόβαρος) was an associate of Herod the Great (who made Costobarus governor of Idumea) and second husband of Herod’s sister Salome I. He was also known as Costobar.[1][2][3][4]
Another member of the Herodian dynasty was Costobar, who was the brother of Saul. Both Saul and Costobar were likely grandsons of Costobarus.[5]
Costobar(us), husband of Salome[edit]
Costobarus was an associate of Herod during the latter’s rise to power. Following the capitulation of Jerusalem in 37 BC during the campaign by Mark Antony and Herod against the Hasmonean king Antigonus II – Costobar controlled the exits from the city.[6] Around this time, Antony appointed Herod as Tetrarch of Judæa and Herod appointed Costobarus as Governor of Idumæa and Gaza.[7] In c. 34 BC, Herod gave his sister Salome in marriage to Costobarus.[8]
While Costobarus “gladly accepted these favours, which were more than he had expected”,[9] he was never “Herod’s man”. His focus was always towards Idumæa and his own ambitions in that region. Costobarus was from a noble and priestly family in Idumæa;[10] and he resented that the Hasmonean John Hyrcanus had made the Idumæans adopt the customs and laws of the Jews. He “did not think … it … proper for him to carry out the orders of Herod, or for the Idumæans to … be subject to them.” [9] He also had ambitions to rule Idumæa himself, and “to achieve greater things”.[11] These attitudes led him to three acts which aroused Herod against him and eventually led to his execution.
His first transgression to become known (but the second to be initiated) was to approach Cleopatra to ask Antony for Idumæa to be transferred to her (instead of to Herod), as it “had always belonged to her ancestors”. Costobarus was “ready to transfer his loyalty to her” and hoped that he would eventually become its ruler.[12] Cleopatra did ask, but Antony refused. Herod sought to kill Costobarus as soon as he found out, but his mother and sister prevented him from doing so. Herod eventually pardoned Costobarus for his actions. But from then on, Herod no longer trusted Costobarus.
The next revelation (the third event in sequence) came as part of the divorce proceedings which Salome initiated against Costobarus. Between c. 27 BC and 25 BC, she issued him a writ of annulment (which the woman was not permitted to do under Jewish Law, but Salome did so none the less), and declared to Herod that she did this “out of loyalty to ……
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